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refractory

C2 adj
us /ɹɪˈfɹæk.təɹ.i/

refractory /ɹɪˈfɹæk.tə.ɹi/ nghĩa là bướng bỉnh, ngang ngạnh, khó bảo

Các nghĩa

  1. bướng bỉnh, ngang ngạnh, khó bảo

    Obstinate and unruly; strongly opposed to something.

    […] in most instances attempts to coerce the refractory and disobedient have been the signals of bloody wars, […]

    And the camels galled, sore-footed, refractory, Lying down in the melting snow.

  2. chịu lửa, chịu nhiệt

    Not affected by great heat.

    Pure lime is extremely refractory, but readily fusible if any silex is brought in contact with it; […]

    There are also over 1,200 pallet brick wagons used for the conveyance of refractory bricks.

  3. kháng trị, không đáp ứng điều trị

    Resistant to treatment; not responding adequately to therapy.

    Many of the vague and refractory cases of neck and shoulder pain and of migraine may be due to cervical disc disease.

    In 33 adult patients with long standing refractory epilepsy on treatment with one or two standard anti-convulsant drugs,

  4. không phản ứng, không đáp ứng kích thích

    Incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus.

    The production of a generator potential leaves a refractory state in the receptor membrane […]

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