by

Các nghĩa

1. bên cạnh · gần · cạnh

   Near or next to.

   The mailbox is by the bus stop.

2. qua

   From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.

   The stream runs by our back door.

   He ran straight by me.

3. trước

   Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval); before.

   Be back by ten o'clock!

   We'll find someone by the end of March.

   I'll have been cycling for longer than two hours by lunchtime.

4. sau

   After a given amount of time has elapsed or a given event has occurred.

   By February, we were all sick of the cold.

   By the time I realized I had left my phone at home, I was already two blocks from work.

   By 29, my financial situation wasn’t just disorganized, it was untenable.

5. bởi

   Following a passive verb.

   The matter was decided by the chairman.

   The boat was swamped by the water.

   He was protected by his body armour.

6. bởi

   Following a noun.

   There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.