by

Các nghĩa

1. bên cạnh · gần · cạnh

   Near or next to.

   The mailbox is by the bus stop.

2. qua

   From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.

   The stream runs by our back door.

3. trước

   Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval); before.

   Be back by ten o'clock!

4. sau

   After a given amount of time has elapsed or a given event has occurred.

   By February, we were all sick of the cold.

5. bởi

   Following a passive verb.

   The matter was decided by the chairman.

6. bởi

   Following a noun.

   There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.

7. theo

   Following an adjective.

   I was aghast by what I saw.

8. của · bằng cách · theo cách

   Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.

   There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare